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Home > Legal & Regulatory docs.

Veteran Petroleum - Yukos Universal - Hulley Enterprises v Russia - Hoge Raad der Nederlanden - Civiele Kamer - ECLI NL HR 2020 1952 - Dutch and English Translation - 4 December 2020

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Country
  • Cyprus
  • Netherlands
  • Russian Federation
  • Isle of Man
Year

2020

Summary

Arbitrage. Verzoek aan Hoge Raad tot schorsing tenuitvoerlegging arbitraal vonnis, hangende cassatieberoep in vernietigingsprocedure zekerheidstelling (art. 1066 (oud) Rv).

...

2 Uitgangspunten

2.1 Deze zaak gaat over de vraag of de tenuitvoerlegging van de tussen partijen gewezen arbitrale vonnissen op grond van art. 1066 lid 2 (oud) Rv moet worden geschorst totdat over de vordering tot vernietiging onherroepelijk is beslist. Daarnaast is aan de orde of een van partijen op grond van art. 1066 lid 5 (oud) Rv zekerheid moet stellen.

2.2 De Hoge Raad gaat uit van de volgende feiten.

- i) HVY zijn, althans waren, aandeelhouder in Yukos Oil Company (hierna: Yukos).

- ii) In 2004 hebben VPL, YUL en Hulley ieder afzonderlijk op de voet van art. 26 van de Energy Charter Treaty1 (hierna: ECT of het Verdrag) een arbitrageprocedure aanhangig gemaakt tegen de Russische Federatie. De plaats van arbitrage was Den Haag. HVY hebben in die arbitrageprocedure - kort gezegd - gesteld dat de Russische Federatie hun investeringen in Yukos heeft onteigend en heeft nagelaten deze investeringen te beschermen, en gevorderd dat de Russische Federatie veroordeeld wordt tot betaling van schadevergoeding.

- iii) Na drie afzonderlijke Interim Awards heeft het scheidsgerecht (hierna: het Scheidsgerecht) in drie afzonderlijke Final Awards de Russische Federatie onder meer veroordeeld om een schadevergoeding te betalen van USD 8.203.032.751,-- (aan VPL), van USD 1.846.000.687,-- (aan YUL) en van USD 39.971.834.360,-- (aan Hulley). De Interim Awards en de Final Awards worden hierna gezamenlijk aangeduid als de Yukos Awards.

- iv) De Russische Federatie heeft op de voet van art. 1064 lid 2 (oud) Rv bij de rechtbank vernietiging gevorderd van de Yukos Awards. De rechtbank heeft de Yukos Awards vernietigd wegens het ontbreken van een geldige arbitrageovereenkomst.2 Het hof heeft het vonnis van de rechtbank vernietigd en de vordering van de Russische Federatie tot vernietiging van de Yukos Awards afgewezen.3

De Russische Federatie heeft cassatieberoep ingesteld tegen de arresten van het hof.4 HVY hebben voorwaardelijk incidenteel cassatieberoep ingesteld. Op deze beroepen is nog niet beslist.

2.3 In dit geding verzoekt de Russische Federatie de Hoge Raad op de voet van art. 1066 (oud) Rv, kort gezegd:

primair om (i) bij wijze van voorlopige schorsingsmaatregel HVY te bevelen alle lopende en toekomstige tenuitvoerleggingsmaatregelen met betrekking tot de Yukos Awards te schorsen totdat de Hoge Raad een beslissing zal hebben gegeven op het schorsingsverzoek op de voet van art. 1066 (oud) Rv, en (ii) de tenuitvoerlegging van de Yukos Awards op grond van art. 1066 (oud) Rv te schorsen totdat over de vordering tot vernietiging onherroepelijk is beslist, subsidiair om, indien het schorsingsverzoek mocht worden afgewezen, HVY te bevelen op grond van art. 1066 lid 5 (oud) Rv zekerheid te stellen.

2.4 Bij tussenbeschikking van 25 september 2018 2020 heeft de Hoge Raad zich - naar aanleiding van een door HVY gevoerd bevoegdheidsverweer - bevoegd verklaard kennis te nemen van de op art.

1066 lid 2 en lid 5 (oud) Rv gegronde verzoeken van de Russische Federatie.5

2.5 HVY hebben vervolgens inhoudelijk verweer gevoerd tegen de verzoeken van de Russische Federatie, die volgens HVY moeten worden afgewezen. Voor het geval het schorsingsverzoek van de Russische Federatie wordt toegewezen, verzoeken HVY om de Russische Federatie te veroordelen tot het stellen van zekerheid.

2.6 Partijen hebben hun standpunten nader toegelicht tijdens het mondelinge pleidooi van 30 oktober 2020.

2.7 De conclusie van de Advocaat-Generaal strekt tot afwijzing van de verzoeken van de Russische Federatie. De advocaten van de Russische Federatie hebben schriftelijk op die conclusie gereageerd.

...

5 Beslissing

De Hoge Raad:

- wijst de verzoeken van de Russische Federatie af;

...

...

2. Points of departure

2.1 This case pertains to the question of whether the enforcement of the arbitral awards rendered between the parties must be suspended on the basis of Article 1066(2) (old) of the Dutch Code of Civil Procedure [DCCP] until the claim for setting aside has been irrevocably decided. In addition, it is at issue whether one of the parties must provide security on the basis of Article 1066 (5)(old) DCCP.

2.2 The Supreme Court assumes the following facts.

(i) HVY are, or at least were, shareholders in Yukos Oil Company (hereinafter: Yukos).

(ii) In 2004, VPL, YUL and Hulley each initiated arbitration proceedings against the Russian Federation on the basis of Article 26 of the Energy Charter Treaty' (hereinafter: ECT or the Treaty). The place of arbitration was The Hague. In those arbitration proceedings, HVY stated -- briefly put -- that the Russian Federation had expropriated their investments in Yukos and had failed to protect these investments, and sought an order for the Russian Federation to pay damages.

(iii) After three separate Interim Awards, the arbitral tribunal (hereinafter: the Tribunal) ordered, in three separate Final Awards, the Russian Federation to, inter alia, pay damages of USD 8,203,032,751.00 (to VPL), USD 1,846,000,687.00 (to YUL) and USD 39,971,834,360.00 (to Hulley). The Interim Awards and the Final Awards are hereinafter jointly referred to as the Yukos Awards.

(iv) On the basis of Article 1064(2) (old) DCCP, the Russian Federation sought the setting aside of the Yukos Awards before the District Court. The District Court set aside the Yukos Awards on account of the lack of a valid arbitration agreement. 2 The Court of Appeal annulled the judgment of the District Court and denied the Russian Federation's claim to set aside the Yukos Awards.3

The Russian Federation instituted a cassation appeal against the Court of Appeal's judgments. 4 HVY instituted a conditional cross appeal in cassation. These appeals have not yet been decided.

2.3 In these proceedings, the Russian Federation is applying to the Supreme Court on the basis of Article 1066 (old) DCCP, in summary, to:

primarily (i) by way of a provisional suspension measure order HVY to suspend all pending and future enforcement measures with regard to the Yukos Awards until the Supreme Court has rendered a decision on the suspension application on the basis of Article 1066 (old) DCCP, and (ii) suspend the enforcement of the Yukos Awards on the basis of article 1066 (old) DCCP until the claim for setting aside has been irrevocably decided; and

alternatively, if the suspension application is denied, to order HVY to provide security on the basis of Article 1066 (5) (old) DCCP.

2.4 By interim decision of 25 September 2020, the Supreme Court declared -- in response to a defence contesting jurisdiction put forward by HVY -- that it had jurisdiction to hear the Russian Federation's applications based on Article 1066(2) and (5) (old) DCCP. 5

2.5 HVY subsequently put forward a substantive defence against the Russian Federation's applications, which, according to HVY, must be denied. For the event that the Russian Federation's suspension application is granted, HVY are requesting that the Russian Federation be ordered to provide security.

2.6 The parties explained their positions in more detail during the oral pleadings on 30 October 2020.

2.7 The opinion of the Advocate General concludes that the Russian Federation's applications must be denied. The Russian Federation's attorneys responded to that opinion in writing.

...

5 Decision

The Supreme Court:

- denies the Russian Federation's applications;
- ..

Footnotes omitted, OCR errors may be present

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