Judge Stephen Schwebel
Profile
Harvard University, B.A. magna cum laude with highest honours in government
(1950); Cambridge University, studies in international law (1951); LL.B., Yale
Law School (1954). Doctor honoris causa, Bhopal University, India (1982).
Admitted to the Bar of the State of New York (1955); of the Supreme Court of
the United States (1965); and of the District of Columbia (1976).
Attorney, White & Case, New York (1954-1959).
Assistant Professor of Law, Harvard University (1959-1961).
Professor of International Law and subsequently Edward B. Burling Professor of
International Law and Organization, the School of Advanced International
Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, Washington, D.C. (1967-1981). Visiting
lecturer or professor at Cambridge University (1957, 1983); the Australian
National University (1969); the Hague Academy of International Law (1972); the
Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva (1980); and at other
universities or institutes in the United States and elsewhere.
Assistant Legal Adviser, Department of State (1961-1966); Special Assistant to
the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs
(1966-1967); Consultant to the Department of State (1967-1973). Counselor on
International Law, Department of State (1973-1974); Deputy Legal Adviser,
Department of State (1974-1981).
Legal Adviser to the United States delegation, and Alternate Representative in
the Sixth Committee, during sessions of the United Nations General Assembly
(1961-1965). United States representative and chairman of the United States
delegation to various committees of the United Nations, including the Special
Committee on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and
Co-operation among States (1964); the Special Committee on the Question of
Defining Aggression (1971); and the UNCTAD Working Group on a Charter of
Economic Rights and Duties of States (1973-1974).
Member of the International Law Commission of the United Nations (1977-1981).
Chairman of the Drafting Committee (1978); Special Rapporteur on the Law of the
Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (1977-1981).
Participated as Associate Representative, Representative, Counsel or Deputy
Agent of the United States in various cases before the International Court of
Justice (between 1962 and 1980). Member of the Board of Arbitration in British
Petroleum Company v. Iran and the National Iranian Oil Company (1982-1985) and
arbitrator or president in other international commercial arbitrations (since
1988).
Executive Vice-President and Executive Director of the American Society of
International Law (1967-1973). Honorary Vice-President (since 1983). Honorary
President (since 1996).
President of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Monetary Fund
(since January 1994).
Member of the Board of Editors, American Journal of International Law
(1967-1981); Honorary Editor (since 1996). Chairman of the Editorial Advisory
Committee, International Legal Materials (1967-1973).
Member of the Institute of International Law; the American Society of
International Law; the American Branch of the International Law Association;
the American Bar Association; and the Council on Foreign Relations. Honorary
Member of the Indian Society of International Law. Member of the International
Advisory Committee of the Cambridge University Research Centre in International
Law; the Board of Electors of the Whewell Professorship of International Law of
Cambridge University; and the Board of Overseers' Committee to Visit the
Harvard Law School. Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Telders
International Law Moot Court Competition.
Author of The Secretary-General of the United Nations: His Political Powers and
Practice, 1952; The Effectiveness of International Decisions, 1971 (as editor);
"Aggression, Intervention and Self-Defence in Modern International Law",
Recueil des cours, Hague Academy of International Law, 1972; reports to the
International Law Commission on the law of the non-navigational uses of
international watercourses; International Arbitration: Three Salient Problems
(1987); Justice in International Law (1994); and some one hundred articles,
notes and book reviews in legal and other publications. Research and drafting
assistant to United Nations Secretary-General Trygve Lie in the writing of
In the Cause of Peace, 1954.