Introduction

The author provides an overview of the recent trends in international investment rulemaking and its main characteristics. In doing so, the author intends to set the stage for our subsequent discussions on the challenges that the evolution of the IIA universe pose, and on what could be done to meet these challenges. The universe of IIAs consists of bilateral investment treaties, treaties on the avoidance of double taxation, and other investment-related agreements, such as free trade agreements, partnership agreements or economic cooperation agreements. Today, there are ...