Introduction

The costs of arbitration are increasingly a concern in many respects. What was in the beginning a relatively inexpensive method of dispute settlement has unfortunately become in some cases an extremely expensive way of deciding disputes, more often when the arbitration takes place in a common law procedural environment rather than in a civil law procedural context. Defence costs, which twenty years ago did not exceed a few hundred thousand dollars, sometimes amount nowadays to millions or tens of millions of dollars. Costs have therefore become a major concern. ...