Introduction

The recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards requires the cooperation of national institutions. These might not always be supportive. To the contrary, they might even take active steps to reverse or annul arbitral awards. A certain comfort can be gained by the country in question being a signatory to the New York Convention. However, in certain jurisdictions even that is no guarantee of swift enforcement, unfettered by administrative or judicial actions. Importantly, individuals have no standing before international courts to assert violations of the New York Convention. ...