Introduction

China has entered into over 130 investment treaties (bilateral investment treaties, a multilateral treaty, and free trade agreements), and is still very active in entering into new treaties, as well as renegotiating existing ones. Over time, Chinese investment treaties have evolved significantly. The most important development was the expansion, starting in 1998, of the scope of the treaties' investor-state dispute resolution clauses, which were originally limited to disputes over the amount of compensation for expropriation. These new treaties became known as the "second ...