Introduction

As we know, the Middle East (ME) is geographically made up of Bahrain, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine (?), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen.[1] In this presentation, I shall discuss the countries of North Africa (Algeria, Egypt Libya, Morocco and Tunisia) and ME together with the Arabic language (and other similarities for example culture and religion) as common to these jurisdictions.[2] There are forty eight sovereign states in sub-Sahara Africa. These are: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, ...