Introduction

The growing global demand for energy has led to the increase of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the energy sector. At the same time, investment arbitration has come to the forefront of international dispute settlement and increasingly attracts the attention of scholars, practitioners and decision makers. In the context of the contemporary investment law regime, the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), a multilateral agreement on energy trade, transit and investment, holds a prominent place. For, notwithstanding the obvious significance of ECT in terms of its sectoral specialization, ...