Introduction

Transnational corruption, understood as the corrupt exchanges between public officials and foreign business interests, has recently garnered significant national and international attention. In the span of sixteen-years, states have adopted a myriad of international conventions and treaties criminalizing corrupt behavior. This corruption "norm cascade" has been met alongside developments in investor-state arbitration where allegations of corruption are becoming increasingly common. When used as a defense by host states, these allegations can have a significant impact on ...