Introduction

Corruption allegations frequently arise in international arbitration, particularly in disputes involving infrastructure projects and investments in the extractive or defence industries. The approach of arbitrators towards corruption has 'evolved from an initial quasi-indifference, towards a constant care to avoid arbitration be[ing] used for concealing illicit trade practices.' The evolution of this more robust approach has occurred around the same time as the United Nations Convention against Corruption ('UNCAC') came into effect, evincing a worldwide condemnation of the evil of ...