Executive Summary

(Addendum August 2026) Digital asset arbitration is often described through the language of blockchain transparency. That description is incomplete. In many disputes involving exchanges, custodians, OTC desks, liquidity providers, wallet infrastructure, platform groups and white-label structures, the decisive record is not the public blockchain but the internal platform record: an account balance, liquidation log, API instruction, withdrawal restriction, custody reconciliation, omnibus wallet allocation, compliance hold, access-control entry or risk flag. This article uses the ...