Introduction

On 4 May 1999, two arbitral tribunals sitting in Jakarta under the chairmanship of Jan Paulsson rendered parallel Final Awards in the cases of Himpurna California Energy Ltd. (Bermuda) v. PT. (Persero) Perusahaan Listruik Negara (Indonesia) ["PLN"] and Patuha Power Ltd. (Bermuda) v. PT (Persero) Perusahaan Listruik Negara (Indonesia) ["PLN"].[1] The claims arose under energy sales contracts concluded in 1994 for the supply of electricity to PLN from geothermal fields in Java to be developed at great expense by the Applicants, both of which are owned by a California ...