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Home > Legal & Regulatory docs.

4A_461/2019 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht - 2 November 2020

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Country
  • Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
  • Switzerland
Year

2020

Summary

A. ________ Anonim Sirketi (Klägerin, Beschwerdegegnerin) ist eine türkische Gesellschaft mit Sitz in U.________. Seit 1980 war sie an mehr als 35 öffentlichen Bauprojekten auf dem Territorium des libyschen Staates (Beklagter, Beschwerdeführer) beteiligt. Am Anfang der 1990er-Jahre stellte sie ihre Arbeiten infolge unbezahlter Rechnungen ein.

Zwischen 1994 und 2005 versuchte die Klägerin, die Zahlung der offenen Rechnungen durch den Beklagten zu erwirken. Zwischen 2007 und 2008 beteiligte sie sich an einem vom libyschen Finanzministerium durchgeführten "Audit and Review of Outstanding Liabilities of Libya's Treasury". Ab 2009 versuchte sie vergeblich, die Zahlung der im Rahmen dieses Audits festgestellten Summe zu erwirken. Am 27. September 2012 erhob sie Klage beim erstinstanzlichen Gericht in Beida, Libyen. Mit Entscheid vom 29. Oktober 2012 verurteilte dieses Gericht den Beklagten zur Zahlung von 1'906'360.23 libyschen Dinar (LD) zzgl. Zinsen aufgrund von offenen Forderungen aus den vorerwähnten Bauprojekten sowie Schadenersatz in der Höhe von 1'000'000.-- LD für die fruchtlosen Inkassobemühungen (nachfolgend: Beida-Urteil). Der Beklagte blieb diesem Verfahren fern. Am 23. Januar 2013 erhob der Beklagte, vertreten durch die Streitbeilegungsabteilung ("State Litigation Department"), Berufung gegen dieses Urteil. Am 31. Januar 2018 hob das zuständige Berufungsgericht das Beida-Urteil auf.

Am 9. Dezember 2013 schlossen die Parteien eine Vergleichsvereinbarung ("Settlement Agreeement") ab. Dabei wurde der Beklagte vom stellvertretenden Finanzminister ("Deputy Minister in the Libyan Ministry of Finance") vertreten. In der Vergleichsvereinbarung verpflichtete sich der Beklagte, der Klägerin 5'420'308.707 LD zu bezahlen. Sodann sah die Vergleichsvereinbarung vor, dass alle nationalen oder internationalen Gerichts- und sonstigen Verfahren im Zusammenhang mit dem Beida-Urteil eingestellt werden. Die Vergleichsvereinbarung selbst beinhaltete keine Schiedsklausel.

Am 25. März 2018 leitete der Beklagte, vertreten durch die staatliche Streitbeilegungsabteilung, Klage gegen die Klägerin ein und verlangte die Feststellung, die Vergleichsvereinbarung sei ungültig und nichtig (sog. "Tripolis-Verfahren").

B.

Bereits zuvor, am 31. August 2016, hatte die Klägerin bei der Internationalen Handelskammer in Paris einen Antrag auf ein Schiedsverfahren auf der Grundlage des türkisch-libyschen Investitionsschutzabkommens vom 25. November 2009 (nachfolgend: ISA) gestellt. Die Parteien einigten sich auf Genf als Sitz des Schiedsgerichtsverfahrens. Am 22. Juli 2019 erliess das Schiedsgericht folgenden Schiedsspruch:

"I. Respondent's objections against the Arbitral Tribunal's jurisdiction are rejected;

II. The A rbitral Tribunal has jurisdiction over all of Claimant's claims based on the BIT and raised in this arbitration;

X. Respondent has breached Article 2 (2) of the BIT by failing to accord fair and equitable treatment to Claimant's investment;

XXV. Respondent shall pay damages to Claimant in the amount of USD 21,865,554, including pre-award simple interest accrued at 4% per annum;

XXV. Claimant's claims for moral damages are rejected;

XXV. All other requests and claims are rejected;

XXV. Respondent shall pay interest on the sum USD 21,865,554 awarded from the date of the notification of the Award at the rate of LIBOR + 3% per annum, compounded annually;

XXV. -IX [Kosten und Entschädigung]."

...

3.1. Die hier relevanten Teile von Art. 8 ISA lauten wie folgt:

"Settlement of Disputes Between One Contracting Party and Investors of the Other Contracting Party

1. Disputes between one of the Contracting Parties and an investor of the other Contracting Party, in connection with his investment, shall be notified in writing, including detailed information, by the investor to the recipient Contracting Party of the investment. [...].

2. If these disputes, cannot be settled in this way within ninety (90) days [...], the dispute can be submitted, as the investor may choose, to the competent court of the Contracting Party in whose territory the investment has been made or to international arbitration under:
(a) [...]
(b) [...]
(c) the Court of Arbitration of the Paris International Chamber of Commerce.

3. Once the investor has submitted the dispute to the one of the dispute settlement procedures mentioned in paragraph 2 of this Article, the choice of one of these procedures is final.

4. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article;
(a) only the disputes arising directly out of investment activities which have obtained necessary permission, if any, in conformity with the relevant legislation of both Contracting Parties on foreign capital, and that effectively started shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), in case both Contracting Parties become signatories of this Convention, or any other international dispute settlement mechanism as agreed upon by the Contracting Parties;
(b) [...]
(c) [...]
5. [...]"

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