Summary

The Republic of Rwanda, on 24 November 2025, submitted a Notice of Arbitration to the Permanent Court of Arbitration under Article 22 of the Treaty between the United Kingdom and Rwanda concerning the Migration and Economic Development Partnership ("MEDP"). This Notice commences arbitration proceedings against the United Kingdom.

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In the arbitral proceedings Rwanda advances three claims: first, a claim that the United Kingdom has breached an exchange of notes setting out the treaty’s financial arrangements; second, a claim of breach of Article 18 of the treaty in respect of these financial arrangements; and third, a claim that the UK has breached Article 19 of the treaty by refusing to make arrangements to resettle vulnerable refugees from Rwanda.

Arbitration pursuant to the Asylum Partnership Agreement (The Republic of Rwanda v. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) - PCA Case No 2025-45